Experimental data strongly supports a role for high-frequency sources in the perpetuation of atrial fibrillation, it follows that identification of areas exhibiting spectra containing high dominant frequencies (DF) may represent perpetuating sources and targeted elimination might terminate AF. The aim of this review is to present and critically appraise the literature on DF studied in association with AF ablation. A systematic review was done including the PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and HighWire Press databases. The searches were made by combining the terms “Dominant Frequency”, “Atrial Fibrillation”, and “Catheter Ablation” and their translations for the English and non-English based databases. Ten articles were selected from a total of 327 articles found after the initial search. The ablation strategy varied, most studies performed pulmonary vein isolation alone or associated with complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation with or without an additional intervention. The use or not of DF sites as ablation target was distinguishable between the articles. Four articles ablated DF sites as a major intervention or in addition to a traditional approach. The remaining 6 articles assessed DF sites pre and post ablation and associated these data with clinical outcome. No prior study has systematically comprised information for clinical use of DF. The current literature supports global DF as a useful marker of ablation outcome; however direct intervention targeting DF appears premature with mixed results and too few studies.